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The Athenian Society
The Athenian Society was an organization founded by John Dunton in 1691 to facilitate the writing and publication of his weekly periodical ''The Athenian Mercury''. Though represented as a large panel of experts, the society reached its peak at four members: Dunton, Dr. John Norris, Richard Sault and Dunton's brother-in-law, Rev. Samuel Wesley. The group would answer the questions of readers about any topic, creating the first advice column. In 1693, for four weeks, ''The Athenian Society'' published also ''The Ladies' Mercury'', the first periodical published that was specifically designed just for women.
==History==
In 1691, John Dunton founded The Athenian Society (not to be confused with several other "Athenian Societies") in order to publish a journal. This group was originally composed of a small number of friends: John Dunton and mathematics teacher Richard Sault, then philosopher Dr. John Norris (though he declined to be part of the Society in writing and associated to profits), quickly joined by Dunton's brother-in-law the poet Rev. Samuel Wesley〔Dunton 1818: "Numbers 1 and 2 were entirely of Mr. Sault's composure and mine." They were then joined by "the ingenious Dr. Morris () refused to become a stated Member of ''Athens''." (p. (189 )). Wesley was enrolled a few weeks later (p. (190 )). An "Article of Agreement" for the journal was signed between Wesley, Sault, and Dunton, on April 10, 1691, one month after the launch (p. (757 ))〕 (according to Dunton, it would eventually grow to 12 members;〔Dunton 1818, p. (194 )〕 there is no evidence of such additional members, though〔Berry 2003, p. (20 ): the expansion to 12 was already claimed in 1692, when it was certainly not true.〕). Its name, and all its subsequent related "Athenian" names, derived from a biblical reference to St. Paul in Athens:〔Dunton 1818, p. (189 )〕 "For all the Athenians and strangers which were there spent their time in nothing else, but either to tell, or to hear some new thing." (Acts (17:21 KJV ))
The Society was established in order to write and publish ''The Athenian Gazette'', become ''The Athenian Mercury'' with its second issue due to a legal threat,〔Berry 2003, p. (21 ) (quoting the ''Athenian Mercury'', vol. 1, No. 2, March 24, 1691): the ''London Gazette'' protested the name was too similar.〕 a journal sold one penny twice weekly, then four times a week.〔Tyerman, p. (132 )〕 It professed to answer in print all questions received from anonymous readers on "divinity, history, philosophy, mathematics, love, poetry", and things in general; the answers (and sometimes the questions) were written anonymously by "a Member of the Athenian Society" (one of the four friends).
The new journal received a tremendous response and generated several imitations.〔Berry 2003, p. (23 )〕 On February 14, 1692, a young Jonathan Swift sent them a letter of appreciation〔Swift, ''The Works'', vol. XV (1803), p. (4 )–5〕 along with an "Ode to the Athenian Society",〔Berry 2003, p. (22 )–23; Dunton 1818, p. (193 )〕 his first published work. Concurrently to the periodical, issues of the journal were bound in calf leather and sold as ''The Athenian Gazette'', collecting a whole volume for 2.5 shilling (about one month after the last issue collected was released), a more permanent form with indexes preferred by learned customers and distinguished women;〔Berry 2003, p. (50 )–51〕 this is why the journal is often referenced to by its original ''Athenian Gazette'' name rather than the ''Athenian Mercury'' issues.
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